Main article: Digital circuits

Digital circuits are electric circuits based on a number of discrete voltage levels. Digital circuits are the most common physical representation of Boolean algebra and are the basis of all digital computers. To most engineers, the terms "digital circuit", "digital system" and "logic" are interchangeable in the context of digital circuits. Most digital circuits use two voltage levels labeled "Low"(0) and "High"(1). Often "Low" will be near zero volts and "High" will be at a higher level depending on the supply voltage in use. Ternary (with three states) logic has been studied, and some prototype computers made.

, electronic, and (used to control industrial processes) are constructed of circuits. are another example.generated by electronic circuitry must be disipated to prevent immediate failure and improve long term reliability. Techniques for heat disipation can include heatsinks and fans for air cooling, and other forms of computer cooling such as water cooling. These techniques use convection, conduction, & radiation of heat energy. generated by electronic circuitry must be disipated to prevent immediate failure and improve long term reliability.

Techniques for heat disipation can include heatsinks and fans for air cooling, and other forms of computer cooling such as water cooling. These techniques use convection, conduction, & radiation of heat energy. Noise is associated with all electronic circuits. Noise is defined as unwanted disturbances superposed on a useful signal that tend to obscure its information content. Noise is not the same as signal distortion caused by a circuit.or single thread) and piping; and (3) ancillary objects (buttons, zippers, ornamentation).

Whole sub-industries are devoted to, for examples, buttons and zippers, and an incorrect decision on one of these margins can force the garment maker into closure.13 A major reason why fashion goods sell for premium prices is that they are relatively expensive to produce because the materials and specialized production capabilities that produce fashion goods can only be supplied at positive and usually increasing marginal costs."